Head & Neck

Head and Neck comprise of the central nervous system and the other main sense organs such as Eyes, Nose, Ears, and Tongue. The formation of CNS starts from the 3rd week of pregnancy within the womb. The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The Brain is the master of the human body. It is an organ and acts as a center of the nervous system in all the Vertebrates. It regulates and controls each and every system in the body.

The diseases of the Head and Neck comprises the diseases of Brain, Ears, Throat, and all the glands involved in it. More than 20% of people in India suffer from Head and Neck diseases every year. the most common head and neck diseases are throat cancer, bell’s palsy, cleft lip and cleft palate, thyroid gland disorders, tuberculosis, and so on.

There are a variety of causes affecting the person are age, hereditary, genetic, regular and chronic habits, environmental, socioeconomic and immunological factors but it is also proved that stress also plays a vital role in the disease like thyroid gland disorders. The most common causes of oral cancer found in India, is due to the chronic habits of smoking and tobacco or betel nut chewing. Symptoms include difficulty in swallowing, non-healing ulcers and restricted mouth opening. The fatal rates are high if not diagnosed and treated early.

Head and Neck diseases can also be categorized according to its origin like inflammatory diseases, auto-immune diseases or may be granulomatosis diseases. Some growths are not localized to Head and Neck region but also spreads or involve the other following tissues or organs. There are also many infections present in the environment leading to other diseases such as Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Otitis media, Oral candidiasis, Rhinitis etc which are due to the viral and the bacterial infections.